Non-Testimonial Statements

Statements for emergency response are typically non-testimonial.

Related Confrontation Clause rules

• Confrontation ClauseThe Sixth Amendment bars testimonial hearsay unless witness unavailable and prior cross occurred.
• Testimonial StatementsStatements are testimonial when primary purpose is to establish facts for prosecution.

Part of Evidence on Core Legal Rules — foundational MBE-tested principles with primary-source citations.